O que é, quando e como usar
O Present Perfect Simple é um tempo verbal do inglês que liga o passado ao presente. Ele é usado quando queremos falar sobre ações que aconteceram em algum momento no passado, mas que têm relevância ou consequência no presente.
🧩 Estrutura
A estrutura básica do Present Perfect Simple é:
🔹 [Sujeito] + have/has + particípio passado (past participle)
| Sujeito | Verbo auxiliar | Particípio passado | Exemplo |
|---|---|---|---|
| I/You/We/They | have | eaten | I have eaten breakfast. |
| He/She/It | has | seen | She has seen that movie. |
O past participle dos verbos regulares termina em -ed (worked, played), e os verbos irregulares têm formas específicas (gone, done, eaten, etc.).
🕰️ Quando usamos o Present Perfect?
✅ 1. Ações passadas com resultado no presente
I have lost my keys.
(Eu perdi minhas chaves. Ainda não as encontrei.)
✅ 2. Experiências de vida (sem dizer quando exatamente)
She has traveled to Japan.
(Ela já viajou ao Japão.)
✅ 3. Ações que começaram no passado e continuam no presente (com since/for)
We have lived here for 10 years.
(Nós moramos aqui há 10 anos.)
✅ 4. Ações recentes com just, already, yet
He has just arrived.
(Ele acabou de chegar.)
They haven’t finished yet.
(Eles ainda não terminaram.)
⏳ Palavras comuns com Present Perfect:
- Just (acabou de)
- Already (já)
- Yet (ainda – usado em negativas e perguntas)
- Ever / Never (alguma vez / nunca)
- Since (desde)
- For (há, por – usado com duração)
❌ Atenção!
O Present Perfect não é usado quando o tempo passado está definido. Para isso, usamos o Simple Past:
✔️ I saw that movie yesterday.
❌ I have seen that movie yesterday.
Se quiser, posso complementar com uma tabela comparando o Present Perfect e o Simple Past, ou criar atividades com correção automática. Deseja algo assim?
📊 Tabela de Comparação: Present Perfect x Simple Past
| Critério | Present Perfect | Simple Past |
|---|---|---|
| 📌 Uso principal | Ação passada com ligação ao presente | Ação concluída em um momento definido no passado |
| 🧱 Estrutura | Sujeito + have/has + past participle | Sujeito + verbo no passado (forma regular ou irregular) |
| ⏳ Tempo definido? | ❌ Não especifica quando a ação aconteceu | ✅ Indica quando a ação aconteceu |
| 🧩 Exemplos | She has visited Paris. | She visited Paris in 2019. |
| 📍 Expressões comuns | just, already, yet, never, ever, since, for | yesterday, last year, in 2010, ago, when I was… |
| 🔄 Continuidade no presente? | ✅ Sim – pode indicar ações que ainda têm efeito hoje | ❌ Não – a ação está totalmente no passado |
| 🧪 Pergunta | Have you ever tried sushi? | Did you try sushi last night? |
| ❌ Negativa | I haven’t finished my homework yet. | I didn’t finish my homework yesterday. |
🧠 Resumo prático:
- Use Present Perfect quando o tempo não está especificado e a ação tem relevância atual.
- Use Simple Past quando a ação ocorreu em um tempo definido e já terminou.
✅ Forma Afirmativa (Affirmative)
Estrutura:
🔹 Sujeito + have/has + visited
| Sujeito | Frase |
|---|---|
| I | I have visited Paris. |
| You | You have visited the museum. |
| He/She/It | She has visited her grandparents. |
| We/They | They have visited Brazil. |
❌ Forma Negativa (Negative)
Estrutura:
🔹 Sujeito + have/has + not visited
| Sujeito | Frase |
|---|---|
| I | I have not visited Paris. |
| You | You have not visited the museum. |
| He/She/It | He has not visited his grandparents. |
| We/They | We have not visited Brazil. |
❓ Forma Interrogativa (Interrogative)
Estrutura:
🔹 Have/Has + sujeito + visited?
| Sujeito | Frase |
|---|---|
| I | Have I visited Paris? |
| You | Have you visited the museum? |
| He/She/It | Has she visited her grandparents? |
| We/They | Have they visited Brazil? |
📋 Tabela dos 30 Verbos Mais Comuns em Inglês
| Infinitivo | Passado Simples | Particípio Passado | Tradução |
|---|---|---|---|
| be | was / were | been | ser, estar |
| have | had | had | ter |
| do | did | done | fazer |
| say | said | said | dizer |
| go | went | gone | ir |
| get | got | gotten/got | obter, conseguir |
| make | made | made | fazer, criar |
| know | knew | known | saber, conhecer |
| think | thought | thought | pensar |
| take | took | taken | pegar, levar |
| see | saw | seen | ver |
| come | came | come | vir |
| want | wanted | wanted | querer |
| use | used | used | usar |
| find | found | found | encontrar |
| give | gave | given | dar |
| tell | told | told | contar, dizer |
| work | worked | worked | trabalhar |
| call | called | called | chamar, ligar |
| try | tried | tried | tentar |
| ask | asked | asked | perguntar |
| need | needed | needed | precisar |
| feel | felt | felt | sentir |
| become | became | become | tornar-se |
| leave | left | left | deixar, sair |
| put | put | put | colocar |
| mean | meant | meant | significar |
| keep | kept | kept | manter |
| let | let | let | permitir, deixar |
| begin | began | begun | começar |
📝 Atividade: Complete as frases com o verbo correto no Present Perfect
✅ Instruções:
Complete as frases abaixo com o verbo apropriado no Present Perfect (afirmativa, negativa ou interrogativa). Use os verbos da tabela dos 30 irregulares mais comuns.
1. I _________ (be) to New York three times.
→ _______________________________________________
2. She _________ (go) to the gym today.
→ _______________________________________________
3. We _________ (not see) that movie yet.
→ _______________________________________________
4. _________ you ever _________ (eat) sushi?
→ _______________________________________________
5. My parents _________ (give) me a new phone.
→ _______________________________________________
6. He _________ (break) his arm playing football.
→ _______________________________________________
7. I _________ (forget) my keys at home.
→ _______________________________________________
8. They _________ (not do) their homework.
→ _______________________________________________
9. _________ she ever _________ (drive) a car?
→ _______________________________________________
10. We _________ (take) many pictures this week.
→ _______________________________________________
11. The baby _________ (fall) asleep.
→ _______________________________________________
12. I _________ (hear) this song before.
→ _______________________________________________
13. _________ you _________ (read) this book yet?
→ _______________________________________________
14. My friend _________ (not come) to school this week.
→ _______________________________________________
15. He _________ (write) five poems in English.
→ _______________________________________________
📌 Gabarito sugerido
(para conferência ou correção automática)
- have been
- has gone
- have not seen
- Have / eaten
- have given
- has broken
- have forgotten
- have not done
- Has / driven
- have taken
- has fallen
- have heard
- Have / read
- has not come
- has written
✅
✈️ “The Journey I’ll Never Forget”
Last summer, I traveled to Iceland — a place I had always dreamed of visiting. I packed my backpack, booked a tiny cabin near a volcano, and flew there alone. It was the most spontaneous decision I’ve ever made.
Since I arrived, I have met people from all over the world. I have hiked across black sand beaches, have seen glaciers melting under the sun, and have tasted food I can’t even pronounce. One night, I saw the Northern Lights — they danced above my head like green flames. I cried. I couldn’t believe it.
Although the trip is over, I have kept a journal of every moment. I wrote about a farmer who rescued me when I got lost in the fog. I have reread his story at least ten times.
Iceland changed me. I left a different person. And even though months have passed, I have never stopped thinking about it.
Next time, I’ll bring a friend. But for now, I’m just grateful for the memories I have collected.
✅ Parte 1 – Interpretação de texto (compreensão geral)
1. Where did the narrator travel to last summer?
a) Greenland
b) Iceland
c) Switzerland
d) Ireland
2. Why was the trip so special to the narrator?
a) Because it was a business trip
b) Because it was their first time flying
c) Because they saw the Northern Lights and had deep experiences
d) Because they went with their best friend
3. How does the narrator feel about the trip now?
a) They regret it
b) They want to forget it
c) They miss the food
d) They are grateful and think about it often
🔤 Parte 2 – Identificação de tempos verbais (Simple Past ou Present Perfect)
4. Classifique os verbos sublinhados conforme o tempo verbal. Escreva SP para Simple Past ou PP para Present Perfect.
a) I traveled to Iceland. → ______
b) I have met people from all over the world. → ______
c) I saw the Northern Lights. → ______
d) I have tasted food I can’t even pronounce. → ______
e) I left a different person. → ______
f) I have never stopped thinking about it. → ______
✍️ Parte 3 – Complete as frases com verbos do texto (forma correta)
5. I __________ (write) about a farmer who helped me.
6. I __________ (see) the Northern Lights for the first time.
7. I __________ (keep) a journal of every moment.
8. I __________ (meet) people from different countries.
9. I __________ (get) lost in the fog.
10. I __________ (have) the most spontaneous trip ever.
📌 Gabarito
Parte 1 – Interpretação
- b) Iceland
- c) Because they saw the Northern Lights and had deep experiences
- d) They are grateful and think about it often
Parte 2 – Tempos verbais
4a. SP
4b. PP
4c. SP
4d. PP
4e. SP
4f. PP
Parte 3 – Completar com verbos
5. wrote
6. saw
7. have kept
8. have met
9. got
10. have had